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Koreans have used ceramics from 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. Since ancient times they used to make pottery by firing clay at a temperature of 1300 degrees Celsius. They produced unique, original and beautiful pottery. They traded extensively with China and adopted Celadon-making skills.
Korean pottery is healthy and alive due to its natural goodwill. Korean potters believed in nature and sought to be a part of it. So they lived deep in the mountains to give a natural touch to their products and used simple colors with liberal techniques to mold the clay before making the pottery.
Korean ceramics can be studied in terms of three empires. These three empires that represent the foundation of Korean ceramic history also reflect the ceramic culture during this era. These three kingdoms are: Silla, Goguryeo and Joseon. Korean potters produced crude household items as well as highly sophisticated statues of imperial figures, guardians, horses, escorts of the dead in kings’ mausoleums, as well as nobles.
1. Korean ceramics in the Silla era (668 to 935): Ceramics were simple in color, pattern, and silhouette at the time of the unified Silla era. Celadon was the main product. Gradually, in the 14th century, Bakeja porcelain ware that had a vibrant glaze was developed. These were made of highly refined clay. Bakeja items were fixed with feldspar and fired very carefully in very large and cool kilns. Bakeja products flourished greatly until the Joseon Dynasty came to power.
2. Korean Pottery in the Goguryeo Era (918 to 1392): Some of the best small-scale ceramic work was done in Korea during this time. At this time, potters made foliar designs, fretwork, geometric shapes, elliptical panels, stylized fish and insects, and began to use incised designs from this time. The glazes used were different shades of Celadon. Black and brown glazes were used for the stoneware and storage items.
3. Korean ceramics in the Joseon Dynasty (1392 to 1910): It can be called the golden age of Korean ceramics. Korean pottery was greatly developed, and pottery was produced on a large commercial scale for export. The quality of the pottery also improved considerably. They followed the Chinese Ming dynasty in the evolution of their improved range of ceramics and are similar in some ways to Chinese wares. Storage pottery, celadon, and white porcelain were similar and with only minor variations in glazes, patterns, or weight. The Ming influence was also felt in the blue and white matter through the use of cobalt blue glazes.
After the fall of the Ming dynasty, many Chinese potters immigrated to Korea and brought colorful and vibrant pottery of special shapes that was discarded by Korean potters who preferred to make simple, less ornate items.
Korea exported most of its pottery to Japan and mainly from the Busan area. Climbing kilns were largely exported.
There were two forms of export: through the treatment and intentional immigration of potters or through the invasion and theft of pottery.